Към днешна дата проблемът с увреждането на зрението (бързото развитие на различни офталмологични заболявания) при хора от различни възрастови категории е много остър. Всичко е виновно за небрежно отношение към здравето и прекомерното натоварване на органа на зрението. Компютри, таблети, телефони, телевизори и e -books - всички тези неща могат не само да опростят живота, но и обратното, вреда.
За щастие, науката не стои неподвижно и онези заболявания, които преди това са се поддали на лечението, сега можете да елиминирате почти без последствия и усложнения.
Correction of laser vision
Корекцията на лазерното зрение е възможност не само за изоставяне на очилата и контактните лещи, но и единственият ефективен и безопасен начин за запазване на зрението в старост.
The benefits of this procedure:
- Safety. The relatively low likelihood of developing serious complications.
- Efficiency for any violations. Операцията се извършва не само за подобряване на зрението и да се отърве от оптиката. В някои случаи лазерната корекция не може да се разпределя (това се отнася за заболявания, които водят до слепота).
- Painlessly. Преди да започне процедурата, пациентът е погребан в анестетичното лекарство с орган на зрението, така че максималният, който пациентът може да почувства, е лесен дискомфорт в определени етапи на хирургическа интервенция.
- Continuity. Самата процедура продължава минута, основното време се отделя за подготовка за изразходване.
- Short recovery period. In this case, there is no need for hospital design. Процедурата се извършва на амбулаторна основа и след като пациентът може да се прибере вкъщи.
- Stability and predictability. Колко ефективна ще бъде операцията почти винаги е известна на лекаря преди нея. Резултатът продължава дълго време (изключението може да бъде наличието на прогресираща късогледство при пациента).
The choice of a specialist and the site of the operation always remains behind the patient. Цената на процедурата и услугите на лекар в частни клиники могат да се различават. Their formation is influenced by many factors. Следователно си струва да отделите време за намиране на информация и да изясните предварително всички въпроси, които представляват интерес.
Разновидности на операция
Има няколко метода за корекция. Всеки от тях има свои предимства и недостатъци. Списък на видовете лазерна корекция:
- лазерна (субепителна) кератомилеза;
- Кератектомия на рефракцията на снимката;
- Femtosecond lkz.
Photo refraction keratectomy (Federal Migration Service) first spent decades ago in Germany. Използвайки тази процедура, експозиция на роговицата с AN с LEAP лазер. Свидетелствата за дирижиране са астигматизъм, късогледство и далекогледство.
A significant disadvantage of the Keratoctomy method in the photo is a long and unpleasant recovery period. Also, the vision after the procedure does not return immediately, but complications are gradually possible. Therefore, they only resort to it when other modern and effective methods are contraindicated.
Laser sub -keratomils (Lasek). Unlike the previous method, during surgery, the surface corneal layer does not occur, it only displaces sideways. The recovery period lasts less than with the Federal Migration Service.
Laser Keratomilosa (LASIK). Currently, this is the most secure and effective method of vision correction. The recovery period is short, vision is improved in the first hours after surgery.
Femtosecond Lec (Femo Lasik) is one of the modifications of the LASIK method, which helps to achieve perfect results. The risks are reduced, the return on vision and the rehabilitation period does not last long. Also, this method has less contraindications than ordinary laser correction. The procedure can be performed on patients even with "dry eye syndrome".
There are other modifications to the basic methods. The choice of the most appropriate method in a particular situation is made by the doctor.
Indications and contraindications
The correction of laser vision, like any other procedure, has its own indications and contraindications. The testimony is divided into two types: medical and professional.
A medical indication for the correction of laser vision is the presence of such disorders of one eye (the other well):
- Farsigtedness;
- astigmatism;
- Myopia.
Professional indications (specialties in which it is inappropriate to wear lenses or glasses):
- firefighters;
- police;
- military;
- People working in the industrial sphere (places where there is a lot of dust, smoke and other adverse factors).
Contraindications are relative and absolute. Absolutely includes:
- Autoimmune pathologies;
- immunodeficiency;
- diseases affecting the processes and frequency of healing after surgery;
- the presence of only one eye in the patient;
- short -sightedness (progressive);
- herpesvirus infection;
- retinal detachment;
- The thinning of the cornea.
A list of relative contraindications:
- Diabetes sugar;
- psychoses;
- Breastfeeding pregnancy;
- heart problems in the patient (the presence of a pacemaker);
- Ophthalmic diseases of the inflammatory nature;
- scars in the cornea (shell);
- Changes in the retina and funus.
The operation is strictly forbidden to perform people who have not reached the age of 18. This is due to physiological characteristics (not fully formed by the eyeball).
Preparation for laser correction
When the vision recovery surgery is already appointed, the ophthalmologist recommends taking a number of tests and following certain rules. You may also need consultation with other specialists: therapist, endocrinologist, cardiologist and more.
Analyzes to be done before the procedure:
- General blood test;
- General urine analysis;
- HIV analysis;
- Syphilis analysis;
- Hepatitis analysis;
- Coagulogram.
The list of recommendations that are very important that must be made to accept surgery:
- Stop wearing contact lenses (you need to do this within two weeks before surgery);
- Refuse a few days before the procedure of alcoholic beverages and medicines that contain alcohol;
- Put yourself in order before the procedure;
- Breakfast on the day of the specified date should be easy;
- It is impossible to apply makeup on face and perfumes to the body before surgery;
- You need to buy and take sunglasses with you (they will be needed after the procedure and during the recovery period);
- It is advisable to take a loved one with you to improve the laser vision of vision, which will remember all the doctor's recommendations about the postoperative period will help to get home, and the first time will take care of the patient.
The fulfillment of these conditions is very important as the success of the procedure and the end result depend on it.
How the procedure is performed
Almost all types of laser correction are carried out in 3 main stages. If we are talking about the most effective, popular and requested LASIK procedure, then this is this:
- The first stage. A laser or microcarrat creates a valve on the surface of the cornea and takes it from the side.
- The second stage. There is a change in the shape of the cornea with a laser beam (it should correspond to the individual parameters of the patient).
- Third stage. The valve returns to the starting position and is occupied.
Many hear that patients seal their eyes during surgery. There are times when the patient wakes up during the procedure and trauma is possible. In this situation, the eyes are not sealed during laser correction, as the anesthetic drops are planted before the procedure and the surgery itself lasts only a few minutes, so such measures are too much.
Postoperative period
The postoperative period continues in each other. But after laser correction from LASIK, the patient experiences improvement in the first days and does not experience much discomfort.
After surgery, it is necessary to clarify all possible complications again, ask exciting questions, also listen to the basic recommendations.
The approximate list of actions in the postoperative period (the duration of this period depends on many factors):
- You can only sleep on your back;
- You need to visit an ophthalmologist on the set dates;
- After surgery, it is necessary to place sunglasses on the street (they protect against dust, infection and small particles in the eyes);
- You cannot touch your hands at the workplace;
- Prescribed medicines should be used strictly over time and in the quantity;
- It is better not to wash your head during the first days after surgery;
- You can only wash with purified or boiled water;
- For a while you should give up the use of care and decorative cosmetics;
- It is important to measure the physical exertion for some time (the doctor should report the end of the restrictions on admission after examination);
- You cannot visit saunas, pools and other public places where you can catch the infection;
- It is necessary to reduce eye load (refuse to read, watch TV, long -term use of phones and tablets);
- It is strictly forbidden to drive a car in the postoperative period;
- If it hurts or experiences severe discomfort, you should contact a specialist.
There are some recommendations for eating. Because laser correction is still surgery and therefore a certain stress for the body, you should eat properly.
As in any other period, food should be useful and contain the necessary vitamins. In order to improve vision, it is recommended to eat fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C.
They are suitable for this:
- Fruits and fruits: blueberries, apricots, peaches, kiwi and more. ;
- Vegetables: broccoli, carrots, tomatoes, pumpkin;
- dairy products (cottage cheese);
- Fish: salmon, mackerel;
- Meat: chicken, rabbit, turkey;
- offal (kidneys and liver);
- Eggs (yolks).
In the postoperative period, it is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol and it is advisable to give up smoking.If health worsens sharply in the first weeks after surgery and a prescription is required, the doctor should be mentioned for the recently carried out laser correction.
The risks and consequences of surgery
Despite the fact that, in principle, the correction of the laser does not carry serious danger, there are situations when complications still occur and they lead to not quite pleasant consequences. The ophthalmologist and the patient agree to the surgery should be mentioned at the reception, should be ready for possible risks.
A list of possible complications that may occur during surgery:
- The horn shell can be blurred;
- visual acuity may decrease;
- The image may begin to double;
- Astigmatism develops.
Such problems can arise for various reasons: lack of experience and professionalism in a doctor, improperly selected instruments or method of correction, technical reasons, etc.
Complications that may occur after surgery:
- swelling, inflammatory process, itching, pain and burning;
- allergic reaction to drugs;
- lack of improvement or deterioration;
- blindness (caused by individual intolerance).
A number of problems that may not occur immediately, but some time after surgery:
- the return of ophthalmic diseases (shortness of the therapeutic effect);
- Dry eye syndrome;
- Pathological processes affecting the cornea (keratoconus, erosion, etc. ).
The laser correction method has both advantages and disadvantages. To decide on this procedure or is not the case with all. In some cases, this helps to improve the quality of life (makes it possible to walk without glasses and lenses), and sometimes save from complete blindness.
Surgery
Despite the high popularity of laser correction, there are situations where you just can't do without other microsurgical operations. They save from the blindness of patients with glaucoma, cataracts and various pathologies of the retina. And there are also a number of advantages and disadvantages.
To combat cataracts, operations are performed to remove the lens and its replacement with a lens. Microsurgery is also able to cope with retinal diseases. For this purpose, doctors achieve their full fit to the tissues (theme) or remove scars and tissues from the body of the vitreous with signs of pathological changes. Glaucoma is won by surgery to restore the balance of fluid in the organ.
Such procedures (surgical interventions) are widely used: :
- keratoplasty (through this procedure the function and shape of the cornea are restored);
- scleroplasty (surgery that helps to stop progressive myopia);
- Fakid implantation: Farsigtedness and short -sightedness are adjusted;
- Vittectomy (pathological processes in the retina are eliminated during this procedure)
- Lensectomy (during surgery the lens is removed and replaced by intraocular lens).
Operational ophthalmic intervention can be crazy or superficial. Laser correction refers to the type of surface and the operation to remove cataracts in the strip.
Surgical intervention is rescued when laser correction is prohibited or unable to cope with a serious ophthalmic disease (cataracts, glaucoma, etc. ).Therefore, if the doctor insists exactly about the surgical way to combat the disease, then he should trust him.
The treatment of ophthalmic diseases is rarely cheap and this is not due to the desire of doctors to make as much money as possible. This is due to the high cost of the material and the equipment with which the processing is carried out. The eternal question is also a solution to choosing a clinic: private or country. In this case, it is difficult to recognize. The doctor at the State Clinic can have more experience and he makes all the procedures effectively and confidently, and the doctor at a private clinic has more conditions for successful work (modern equipment). Some doctors work at the same time in both private and state clinic, so you do not need to focus on the price of services. The presence of positive reviews and recommendations is much more important.
